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Ayodhya Kaanda - Sarga 100
In this Sarga, seeing Bharata changed beyond recognition, Rāma strokes him affectionately making him sit on his lap and enquires about his wellbeing and the wellbeing of father and mothers.
Then he asks him about the kingdom, the city and the countryside in detail, and whether he is able to manage himself, his ministers, staff, the woman and the regime as expected of a king of Ikshwāku dynasty.
He specifically enquires about the wellbeing of the city and its people, and the country and the people living there, which were so well protected by their ancestors hitherto.
2.100.1 ஜடிலம் சீரவஸநம் ப்ராஞ்ஜலிம் பதிதம் புவி ।
ததர்ஸ ராமோ துர்தர்ஸம் யுகாந்தே பாஸ்கரம்யதா ॥
jaṭilaṃ cīravasanaṃ prāñjaliṃ patitaṃ bhuvi ।
dadarṡa rāmō durdarṡaṃ yugāntē bhāskaraṃyathā ॥
Rama looked at Bharata, who
with matted locks and clad in tree bark,
had fallen on the ground with folded hands,
a harrowing sight, like that of
sun at the end of the Yuga. The Indian framework of life and universe is fascinating. Everything that emerges has to go back to where it came from. Nothing is permanent; even the sun.
2.100.2 கதம்சிதபிவிஜ்ஞாய விவர்ணவதநம் க்ருஸம் ।
ப்ராதரம் பரதம் ராம: பரிஜக்ராஹ பாஹுநா ॥
kathaṃcidabhivijñāya vivarṇavadanaṃ kṛṡam ।
bhrātaraṃ bharataṃ rāmaḥ parijagrāha bāhunā ॥
Recognizing with difficulty his brother Bharata,
whose face was pallid, and whose body had grown thin,
Rāma took him into his arms.
2.100.3 ஆக்ராய ராமஸ்தம் மூர்த்நி பரிஷ்வஜ்ய ச ராகவ: ।
அங்கே பரதமாரோப்ய பர்யப்ருச்சத்ஸமாஹித: ॥
āghrāya rāmastaṃ mūrdhni pariṣvajya ca rāghavaḥ ।
aṅkē bharatamārōpya paryapṛcchatsamāhitaḥ ॥
Smelling the crown of his head and embracing him,
Rāma the scion of the Raghus took Bharata on his lap
and asked him in a calm manner: Rāma has already noticed the absence of Daṡaratha on the giant old tusker Ṡatruñjaya (2.97.25-26). Rāma also asserted to Lakshmaṇa that Bharata must have come for no other purpose than to visit them (2.97.11). He also soothes Lakshmaṇa saying that Bharata (or Daṡaratha) might have come to take them back.
But in this Sarga, Rāma keeps his thoughts, guesses and suspicions to himself and makes a conversation, in a calm manner, reflecting only on the terrible state that Bharata is in. He enquires about every possible source for his sadness. He asks him whether everything is going fine with the near and dear and with the affairs of governing the kingdom.
To understand the scene here, imagine that you are in your office and your son comes rushing to your office at an unexpected hour sobbing, and collapses without saying a word. You would ask him about everything that could have possibly gone wrong, at home, at school, or with friends, etc. But he continues to sob, without saying a word. You continue your monologue talking every related topic, to make him speak. That is what Rāma is doing here with Bharata.
Vālmeeki, the master poet, takes this opportunity to elaborate on everything that is involved in successfully ruling a kingdom, in the words of Rāma. It gives us, the readers of this age, a glimpse of the life of a good ruler of those days. It is also instructive of what a good leader should do, in any age.
This Sarga is complementary to Sarga 67. Sarga 67 describes the characteristics of a well governed kingdom. And this Sarga describes, indirectly, what goes into governing a kingdom.
2.100.4 க்வ நு தேऽபூத்பிதா தாத யதரண்யம் த்வமாகத: ।
ந ஹி த்வம் ஜீவதஸ்தஸ்ய வநமாகந்துமர்ஹஸி ॥
kva nu tē'bhūtpitā tāta yadaraṇyaṃ tvamāgataḥ ।
na hi tvaṃ jīvatastasya vanamāgantumarhasi ॥
My dear child, you have come to the forest,
but where is your father?
You would have not come away to the Vana,
(leaving him alone), while he is alive!
2.100.5 சிரஸ்ய பத பஸ்யாமி தூராத்பரதமாகதம் ।
துஷ்ப்ரதீகமரண்யேऽஸ்மிந் கிம் தாத வநமாகத: ॥
cirasya bata paṡyāmi dūrādbharatamāgatam ।
duṣpratīkamaraṇyē'smin kiṃ tāta vanamāgataḥ ॥
For goodness sake, it is after a long time that
I see Bharata who has come so far to this forest,
changed beyond recognition!
Why have you, dear child, come to Vana?
2.100.6 கச்சித்தாரயதே தாத ராஜா யத்த்வமிஹாऽகத: ।
கச்சிந்ந தீந ஸ்ஸஹஸா ராஜா லோகாந்தரம் கத: ॥
kacciddhārayatē tāta rājā yattvamihā'gataḥ ।
kaccinna dīna ssahasā rājā lōkāntaraṃ gataḥ ॥
I trust, my dear child, the king
is able to hold well, while you have come here!
I hope that he, in his misery,
has not departed suddenly to the other world!
2.100.7 கச்சித்ஸௌம்ய ந தே ராஜ்யம் ப்ரஷ்டம் பாலஸ்ய ஸாஸ்வதம் ।
கச்சிச்சுஸ்ரூஷஸே தாத பிதரம் ஸத்யவிக்ரமம் ॥
kaccitsaumya na tē rājyaṃ bhraṣṭaṃ bālasya ṡāṡvatam ।
kaccicchuṡrūṣasē tāta pitaraṃ satyavikramam ॥
I trust, O gentle one, that the age long sovereignty
is not in trouble at the hands of the inexperienced!
I trust, O dear child, you are faithfully serving father,
who is a man of true valor.
2.100.8 கச்சித்தஸரதோ ராஜா குஸலீ ஸத்யஸம்ங்கர: ।
ராஜஸூயாஸ்வமேதாநாமாஹர்தா தர்மநிஸ்சய: ॥
kacciddhaṡarathō rājā kuṡalī satyasaṃṅgaraḥ ।
rājasūyāṡvamēdhānāmāhartā dharmaniṡcayaḥ ॥
I trust that King Daṡaratha is doing well,
he who is faithful to his pledge,
whose mind is firmly anchored in Dharma and
who performs the Rājasūya and the Aṡwamēdha Yāgas!
2.100.9 ஸ கச்சித்ப்ராஹ்மணோ வித்வாந் தர்மநித்யோ மஹாத்யுதி: ।
இக்ஷ்வாகூணாமுபாத்யாயோ யதாவத்தாத பூஜ்யதே ॥
sa kaccidbrāhmaṇō vidvān dharmanityō mahādyutiḥ ।
ikṣvākūṇāmupādhyāyō yathāvattāta pūjyatē ॥
I trust, my dear child, you are honoring
that supremely radiant Brāhmaṇa (Vasishṭha)
the preceptor of Ikshwākus
who is firmly established in Dharma,
in the customary manner!
2.100.10 ஸா தாத கச்சித்கௌஸல்யா ஸுமித்ரா ச ப்ரஜாவதீ ।
ஸுகிநீ கச்சிதார்யா ச தேவீ நந்ததி கைகயீ ॥
sā tāta kaccitkausalyā sumitrā ca prajāvatī ।
sukhinī kaccidāryā ca dēvī nandati kaikayī ॥
I trust, my dear child, Kousalyā and Sumitrā,
the mothers of blessed sons, are doing well,
and the noble lady Kaikēyee is happy!
2.100.11 கச்சித்விநயஸம்பந்ந: குலபுத்ரோ பஹுஸ்ருத: ।
அநஸூயுரநுத்ரஷ்டா ஸத்க்ருதஸ்தே புரோஹித: ॥
kaccidvinayasampannaḥ kulaputrō bahuṡrutaḥ ।
anasūyuranudraṣṭā satkṛtastē purōhitaḥ ॥
I trust, the extremely humble, exceptionally well read,
Purōhita (Vasishṭha) who comes from a great lineage,
who lacks any trace of envy and who shows us the right path,
is treated well by you! Kings need well read and well regarded preceptors of high character.
2.100.12 கச்சிதக்நிஷு தே யுக்தோ விதிஜ்ஞோ மதிமாந்ருஜு: ।
ஹுதம் ச ஹோஷ்யமாணம் ச காலே வேதயதே ஸதா ॥
kaccidagniṣu tē yuktō vidhijñō matimānṛjuḥ ।
hutaṃ ca hōṣyamāṇaṃ ca kālē vēdayatē sadā ॥
I trust, that sagacious and upright one,
who knows the custom and
who is attentive to your fire rituals,
is informing you always about the
rituals that have been done
and have to be done, on time! Humans and Dēvas are bound by a mutually supporting relationship. Humans must perform Yajñas and offer Havis to Dēvas, on which they live. Dēvas in turn bless the humans with all worldly things.
It is the responsibility of the king to perform all the Yajñas on time and earn the grace of the Dēvas, not just for his own sake, but more importantly for the sake of the kingdom and the welfare of the people.
Purōhita is responsible for ensuring that they are done as per the Ṡastras and on time without fail.
2.100.13 கச்சித்தேவாந்பித்ரூந் மாதऽர்குரூந்பித்ருஸமாநபி ।
வ்ருத்தாம்ஸ்ச தாத வைத்யாம்ஸ்ச ப்ரஹ்மணாம்ஸ்சாபிமந்யஸே ॥
kacciddēvānpitrūn māta'rgurūnpitṛsamānapi ।
vṛddhāṃṡca tāta vaidyāṃṡca brahmaṇāṃṡcābhimanyasē ॥
I trust, my dear child, that
the Dēvas, the fathers, the mothers,
other elders who are equivalent to parents,
the aged, the physicians and the Brāhmaṇas
are well respected by you! In Indian tradition, the brothers and male cousins of the father are also considered as a father. Hence the usage ‘fathers’.
2.100.14 இஷ்வஸ்த்ரவரஸம்பந்நமர்தஸாஸ்த்ர விஸாரதம் ।
ஸுதந்வாநமுபாத்யாயம் கச்சித்த்வம் தாத மந்யஸே ॥
iṣvastravarasampannamarthaṡāstra viṡāradam ।
sudhanvānamupādhyāyaṃ kaccittvaṃ tāta manyasē ॥
I trust, my dear child, that Sudhanva, the preceptor,
who is rich with the knowledge of arrows and missiles
and in the affairs of statecraft
is well regarded by you!
2.100.15 கச்சிதாத்மஸமாஸ்ஸூராஸ்ஸ்ருதவந்தோ ஜிதேந்த்ரியா: ।
குலீநாஸ்சேங்கிதஜ்ஞாஸ்ச க்ருதாஸ்தே தாத மந்த்ரிண: ॥
kaccidātmasamāṡṡūrāṡṡrutavantō jitēndriyāḥ ।
kulīnāṡcēṅgitajñāṡca kṛtāstē tāta mantriṇaḥ ॥
I trust, my dear child,
that people of valor, people of noble descent,
who have studied Ṡastras and mastered their senses,
who are just as good as you and
who understand your intentions well,
are serving you as ministers! Having a good spiritual, administrative and military preceptor is not enough. A king also needs able ministers for strategic planning.
2.100.16 மந்த்ரோ விஜயமூலம் ஹி ராஜ்ஞாம் பவதி ராகவ ।
ஸுஸம்வ்ருதோ மந்த்ரதரைரமாத்யைஸ்ஸாஸ்த்ரகோவிதை: ॥
mantrō vijayamūlaṃ hi rājñāṃ bhavati rāghava ।
susaṃvṛtō mantradharairamātyaiṡṡāstrakōvidaiḥ ॥
For, O Rāghava, well guarded strategies laid out by ministers
who are experts in Ṡastras and well-grounded in polity
are crucial to the success of kings!
2.100.17 கச்சிந்நித்ராவஸம் நைஷீ: கச்சித்காலே ப்ரபுதத்யஸே ।
கச்சிச்சாபரராத்ரேஷு சிந்தயஸ்யர்தநைபுணம் ॥
kaccinnidrāvaṡaṃ naiṣīḥ kaccitkālē prabudadhyasē ।
kacciccāpararātrēṣu cintayasyarthanaipuṇam ॥
I trust you are not consumed by excessive sleep,
waking up at the right time, and spending the
small hours of the morning honing your strategies!
2.100.18 கச்சிந்மந்த்ரயஸே நைக: கச்சிந்ந பஹுபிஸ்ஸஹ ।
கச்சித்தே மந்த்ரிதோ மந்த்ரோ ராஷ்ட்ரம் ந பரிதாவதி ॥
kaccinmantrayasē naikaḥ kaccinna bahubhissaha ।
kaccittē mantritō mantrō rāṣṭraṃ na paridhāvati ॥
I trust you neither make strategies alone
nor by involving too many, and the strategies made by you
do not leak immediately to the public.
2.100.19 கச்சிதர்தம் விநிஸ்சித்ய லகுமூலம் மஹோதயம் ।
க்ஷிப்ரமாரபஸே கர்தும் ந தீர்கயஸி ராகவ ॥
kaccidarthaṃ viniṡcitya laghumūlaṃ mahōdayam ।
kṣipramārabhasē kartuṃ na dīrghayasi rāghava ॥
I trust, you are acting quickly on
small opportunities that bring big gains,
without losing time!
2.100.20 கச்சித்து ஸுக்ருதாந்யேவ க்ருதரூபாணி வா புந: ।
விதுஸ்தே ஸர்வகார்யாணி ந கர்தவ்யாநி பார்திவா: ॥
kaccittu sukṛtānyēva kṛtarūpāṇi vā punaḥ ।
vidustē sarvakāryāṇi na kartavyāni pārthivāḥ ॥
I trust other kings come to know of your plans
only after they have been completely executed
or almost executed, and not before!
2.100.21 கச்சிந்நதர்கைர்யுக்த்யா வா யே சாப்யபரிகீர்திதா: ।
த்வயா வா தவாமாத்யைர்புத்யதே தாத மந்த்ரிதம் ॥
kaccinnatarkairyuktyā vā yē cāpyaparikīrtitāḥ ।
tvayā vā tavāmātyairbudhyatē tāta mantritam ॥
I trust, my dear child, that nobody is able
to guess or infer your plans or that of your ministers
that are not made public!
2.100.22 கச்சித்ஸஹஸ்ராந்மூர்காணாமேகமிச்சஸி பண்டிதம் ।
பண்டிதோ ஹ்யர்தக்ருச்ச்ரேஷு குர்யாந்நிஸ்ரேயஸம் மஹத் ॥
kaccitsahasrānmūrkhāṇāmēkamicchasi paṇḍitam ।
paṇḍitō hyarthakṛcchrēṣu kuryānniṡrēyasaṃ mahat ॥
I trust you are inclined to pick
one good counselor over thousand worthless ones!
For, it is only the thoughtful and wise
that can help at the time of crisis!
2.100.23 ஸஹஸ்ராண்யபி மூர்காணாம் யுத்யுபாஸ்தே மஹீபதி: ।
அதவாப்யயுதாந்யேவ நாஸ்தி தேஷு ஸஹாயதா ॥
sahasrāṇyapi mūrkhāṇāṃ yudyupāstē mahīpatiḥ ।
athavāpyayutānyēva nāsti tēṣu sahāyatā ॥
There is nothing to be gained by a king, by relying
on thousands or even tens of thousands of worthless creatures! Quality over quantity! In Mahabharata, Duryōdhana goes to Krishna seeking his help in the war. Krishna says that he will help one side and his entire army will fight for the other side. Duryōdhana chooses the army instead of Krishna. He chooses quantity over quality, and we all know what happened then.
2.100.24 ஏகோऽப்யமாத்யோ மேதாவீ ஸூரோ தக்ஷோ விசக்ஷண: ।
ராஜாநம் ராஜமாத்ரம் வா ப்ராபயேந்மஹதீம் ஸ்ரியம் ॥
ēkō'pyamātyō mēdhāvī ṡūrō dakṣō vicakṣaṇaḥ ।
rājānaṃ rājamātraṃ vā prāpayēnmahatīṃ ṡriyam ॥
A single intelligent, courageous, capable
and discerning person will bring a lot of good to a king
or anyone at the helm of the affairs!
2.100.25 கச்சிந்முக்யா மஹாத்ஸ்வேவ மத்யமேஷு ச மத்யமா: ।
ஜகந்யாஸ்ச ஜகந்யேஷு ப்ருத்யா: கர்மஸு யோஜிதா: ॥
kaccinmukhyā mahātsvēva madhyamēṣu ca madhyamāḥ ।
jaghanyāṡca jaghanyēṣu bhṛtyāḥ karmasu yōjitāḥ ॥
I trust that you entrust the most important work
to the best among your staff,
the less important to those of medium abilities,
and the least important to the least capable! Nature creates people of different caliber. Tasks of varying complexity need people of different calibers. A leader should know the caliber of his people, complexity of the tasks and pick the person of right caliber for a given task. If not, people will be unhappy and tasks will fail.
2.100.26 அமாத்யாநுபதாதீதாந்பித்ருபைதாமஹாஞ்சுசீந் ।
ஸ்ரேஷ்டாம்ச்ரேஷ்டேஷுகச்சித்வம் நியோஜயஸி கர்மஸு ॥
amātyānupadhātītānpitṛpaitāmahāñchucīn ।
ṡrēṣṭhāṃchrēṣṭhēṣukaccitvaṃ niyōjayasi karmasu ॥
I trust you employ the best, the cleanest,
the tested and tried, the ones serving from generations
for the most important jobs!
2.100.27 கச்சிந்நோக்ரேண தண்டேந ப்ருஸமுத்வேஜிதப்ரஜம் ।
ராஷ்ட்ரம் தவாநுஜாநந்தி மந்த்ரிண: கைகயீஸுத ॥
kaccinnōgrēṇa daṇḍēna bhṛṡamudvējitaprajam ।
rāṣṭraṃ tavānujānanti mantriṇaḥ kaikayīsuta ॥
I trust, O son of Kaikēyee, that your ministers do not approve
of the harrying of your subjects by draconian punishments!
2.100.28 கச்சித்த்வாம் நாவஜாநந்தி யாஜகா: பதிதம் யதா ।
உக்ரப்ரதிக்ரஹீதாரம் காமயாநமிவ ஸ்த்ரிய: ॥
kaccittvāṃ nāvajānanti yājakāḥ patitaṃ yathā ।
ugrapratigrahītāraṃ kāmayānamiva striyaḥ ॥
I trust no one slights you,
like women do the lechers and
the performers of Yajñas do those
who accept questionable honorariums!
2.100.29 உபாயகுஸலம் வைத்யம் ப்ருத்யஸம்தூஷணே ரதம் ।
ஸூரமைஸ்வர்யகாமம் ச யோ ந ஹந்தி ஸ ஹந்யதே ॥
upāyakuṡalaṃ vaidyaṃ bhṛtyasaṃdūṣaṇē ratam ।
ṡūramaiṡvaryakāmaṃ ca yō na hanti sa hanyatē ॥
He who does not kill a scheming person
who is well educated, daring,
who is greedy of power and
who indulges in inciting the staff,
will himself get killed!
2.100.30 கச்சித்த்ருஷ்டஸ்ச ஸூரஸ்ச மதிமாந் த்ருதிமாந் ஸுசி: ।
குலீநஸ்சாநுரக்தஸ்ச தக்ஷஸ்ஸேநாபதி: க்ருத: ॥
kacciddhṛṣṭaṡca ṡūraṡca matimān dhṛtimān ṡuciḥ ।
kulīnaṡcānuraktaṡca dakṣassēnāpatiḥ kṛtaḥ ॥
I trust you appointed, as the commander of forces,
someone who is courageous, sagacious and capable,
of outstanding prowess and spotless character and
of noble descent and genuinely interested in you!
2.100.31 பலவந்தஸ்ச கச்சித்தே முக்யா யுத்தவிஸாரதா: ।
த்ருஷ்டாபதாநா விக்ராந்தாஸ்த்வயா ஸத்க்ருத்யமாநிதா: ॥
balavantaṡca kaccittē mukhyā yudhdaviṡāradāḥ ।
dṛṣṭāpadānā vikrāntāstvayā satkṛtyamānitāḥ ॥
I trust that the best, the strong,
the highly skilled in warfare
with proven track record and of noted prowess
are recognized and rewarded by you!
2.100.32 கச்சித்பலஸ்ய பக்தம் ச வேதநம் ச யதோசிதம் ।
ஸம்ப்ராப்தகாலம் தாதவ்யம் ததாஸி ந விலம்பஸே ॥
kaccidbalasya bhaktaṃ ca vētanaṃ ca yathōcitam ।
samprāptakālaṃ dātavyaṃ dadāsi na vilambasē ॥
I trust that you are giving appropriate
provisions and salaries to the armed forces
in a timely manner, without any sort of delay!
2.100.33 காலாதிக்ரமணாச்சைவ பக்தவேதநயோர்ப்ருதா: ।
பர்து: குப்யந்தி துஷ்யந்தி ஸோऽநர்தஸ்ஸுமஹாந் ஸ்ம்ருத: ॥
kālātikramaṇāccaiva bhaktavētanayōrbhṛtāḥ ।
bhartuḥ kupyanti duṣyanti sō'narthassumahān smṛtaḥ ॥
It is said that if the supply of provisions
and payment of salaries are delayed,
the staff will become angry and turn against the boss,
which is the worst that can happen.
2.100.34 கச்சித்ஸர்வேऽநுரக்தாஸ்த்வாம் குலபுத்ரா: ப்ரதாநத: ।
கச்சித்ப்ராணாம் ஸ்தவார்தேஷு ஸந்த்யஜந்தி ஸமாஹிதா: ॥
kaccitsarvē'nuraktāstvāṃ kulaputrāḥ pradhānataḥ ।
kaccitprāṇāṃ stavārthēṣu santyajanti samāhitāḥ ॥
I trust that, most importantly,
all the princes of the lineage are
genuinely interested in you.
And that they are ready to give up
even their lives, if need be, in your cause!
2.100.35 கச்சிஜ்ஜாநபதோ வித்வாந்தக்ஷிண: ப்ரதிபாநவாந் ।
யதோக்தவாதீ தூதஸ்தே க்ருதோ பரத பண்டித: ॥
kaccijjānapadō vidvāndakṣiṇaḥ pratibhānavān ।
yathōktavādī dūtastē kṛtō bharata paṇḍitaḥ ॥
I trust, O Bharata, that you have for your envoy
a capable, well-read, discerning and
brilliant man belonging to the realm,
who can relay a message as is!
2.100.36 கச்சிதஷ்டாதஸாந்யேஷு ஸ்வபக்ஷே தஸ பஞ்ச ச ।
த்ரிபிஸ்த்ரிபிரவிஜ்ஞாதைர்வேத்ஸி தீர்தாநி சாரகை: ॥
kaccidaṣṭādaṡānyēṣu svapakṣē daṡa pañca ca ।
tribhistribhiravijñātairvētsi tīrthāni cārakaiḥ ॥
I trust you keep under your surveillance,
employing in each case three secret agents,
the eighteen important authorities in other countries
and the fifteen in your own! The ‘eighteen’ authorities alluded to in this Ṡlōka are:
ministers, Purōhitas, crown prince, army chief, gate guards, guards of inner quarters, prison wardens, treasury chiefs, supervisors, appointed officers, house speakers, judges, arbiters, colonels, mayors, punishment supervisors, fort governors and the heads of the frontier provinces.
And the ‘fifteen’ alluded to in this Ṡlōka are the same excepting the first three.
2.100.37 கச்சித்வ்யபாஸ்தாநஹிதாந்ப்ரதியாதாம்ஸ்ச ஸர்வதா ।
துர்பலாநநவஜ்ஞாய வர்தஸே ரிபுஸூதந ॥
kaccidvyapāstānahitānpratiyātāṃṡca sarvadā ।
durbalānanavajñāya vartasē ripusūdana ॥
I trust that you, O slayer of the foe,
do not neglect your enemies,
who were defeated by you and turned away,
considering them to be weak!
2.100.38 கச்சிந்ந லோகாயதிகாந்ப்ராஹ்மணாம்ஸ்தாத ஸேவஸே ॥
அநர்தகுஸலா ஹ்யேதே பாலா: பண்டிதமாநிந: ॥
kaccinna lōkāyatikānbrāhmaṇāṃstāta sēvasē ॥
anarthakuṡalā hyētē bālāḥ paṇḍitamāninaḥ ॥
I trust, my child, you do not patronize
those Brāhmaṇas who are materialists.
For, these silly fellows imagine
that they know all that there is to be known
and their advice can only land one in disaster! The rationalists, the atheists and the communists are not a modern phenomenon. They existed even in the days of Rāmāyaṇa!
Note that they are also referred to asBrāhmaṇas, because they also talk about theories of the societies and the unknown!
2.100.39 தர்மஸாஸ்த்ரேஷு முக்யேஷு வித்யமாநேஷு துர்புதா: ।
புத்திமாந்வீக்ஷிகீம் ப்ராப்ய நிரர்தம் ப்ரவதந்தி தே ॥
dharmaṡāstrēṣu mukhyēṣu vidyamānēṣu durbudhāḥ ।
buddhimānvīkṣikīṃ prāpya nirarthaṃ pravadanti tē ॥
These perverted scholars, lost in dry logic,
say futile things, ignoring the
well established principal Ṡastras on Dharma.
2.100.40-42 வீரைரத்யுஷிதாம் பூர்வமஸ்மாகம் தாத பூர்வகை: ।
ஸத்யநாமாம் த்ருட த்வாராம் ஹஸ்த்யஸ்வரதஸங்குலாம் ॥
ப்ராஹ்மணை: க்ஷத்ரியைர்வைஸ்யைஸ்ஸ்வகர்மநிரதைஸ்ஸதா ।
ஜிதேந்த்ரியைர்மஹோத்ஸாஹைர்வ்ருதாமார்யைஸ்ஸஹஸ்ரஸ: ॥
ப்ராஸாதைர்விவிதாகாரைர்வ்ருதாம் வைத்யஜநாகுலாம் ।
கச்சித்ஸுமுதிதாம் ஸ்பீதாமயோத்யாம் பரிரக்ஷஸி ॥
vīrairadhyuṣitāṃ pūrvamasmākaṃ tāta pūrvakaiḥ ।
satyanāmāṃ dṛḍha dvārāṃ hastyaṡvarathasaṅkulām ॥
brāhmaṇaiḥ kṣatriyairvaiṡyaissvakarmanirataissadā ।
jitēndriyairmahōtsāhairvṛtāmāryaissahasraṡaḥ ॥
prāsādairvividhākārairvṛtāṃ vaidyajanākulām ।
kaccitsumuditāṃ sphītāmayōdhyāṃ parirakṣasi ॥
I trust, my dear child, you zealously protect
the happy and prosperous Ayōdhyā that
was established by our valorous ancestors,
which stands true to its name, (of invincibility)
with its strong gateways and
teeming elephants, horses and chariots,
boasting of thousands of noble and highly spirited
Brāhmaṇas, Kshatriyas and Vaiṡyas
who have mastered their senses and are
zealous, at all times, about their respective functions,
and full of mansions of assorted styles and
crowded with learned men!
Rāma’s sense of commitment and interest in protecting Ayōdhyā, the countryside, and its people is absolute. A country or organization led by such a committed leader cannot but prosper.
Why is there a mention of only Brāhmaṇas, Kshatriyas and Vaiṡyas, and not Sūdras, here? Because they are the leaders of the three major pursuits of a society: knowledge, power and wealth.
And this Ṡlōka says they should do their job well by being enthusiastic and zealous about their functions and they should have mastered their senses, so that they do not do anything willy-nilly.
Ṡlōkas 40-42 describe the great life in the city and Ṡlōkas 43-46 describe the great life of the countryside, under the rule of Ikshwākus.
And note that the Brāhmaṇas, Kshatriyas and Vaiṡyas are mentioned only in the context of a city, which represents an organized society and not in the countryside, which for the most part is self-organized. There is a lot to delve upon here for the sociologists, especially those who want to understand the Indian society that prospered for millennia.
To be continued