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  • Understand your blood test report

    Dasoham
    adiyen srinivasan pranams

    This is an article forwarded to me by a friend. i thought that this may be useful to our members.
    The article has been cropped to accommodate only 30000 words. full article contains about 42000 words.
    I could not attach the same as file.
    regards
    Srinivasan








    The Simplified Patient Reference Guide
    By Ronald J. Grisanti D.C.
    2
    GLUCOSE
    Glucose: This is the chief source of energy for all living organisms. A level
    greater than 105 in someone who has fasted for 12 hours suggests a diabetic
    tendency. If this level is elevated even in a non-fasting setting one must be
    concerned that there is a risk for developing diabetes. This is an incredibly
    powerful test and can predict diabetes ten years or more before one develops the
    strict definition of diabetes which is levels greater than 120.
    Common Causes of Glucose Increase: Diabetes, poor carbohydrate utilization,
    syndrome X

    Clinical Adult Range: 70-115 mg/dL
    Optimal Adult Range: 85-100 mg/dL
    Red Flag Range <50 or >250 mg/dL
    Clinical Notes: Order Glycohemoglobin (HGB A1C) with serum glucose values
    above 160 and to monitor diabetics under therapy
    Nutrition Tip: Thiamine Deficiency has been linked to increase in glucose
    levels

    6
    SODIUM
    Sodium: This element plays an important role in salt and water balance in your
    body. A low level in the blood can be caused by too much water intake, heart
    failure, or kidney failure. A low level can also be caused by loss of sodium in
    diarrhea, fluid or vomiting. A high level can be caused by too much intake of salt
    or by not enough intake of water.
    Clinical Adult Range: 135-145
    Optimal Adult Range: 140-144
    Red Flag Range <125 or >155 mmol/L
    POTASSIUM
    Potassium: This element is found primarily inside the cells of the body. Low
    levels in the blood may indicate severe diarrhea, alcoholism, or excessive use of
    water pills. Low potassium levels can cause muscle weakness and heart
    problems.
    Clinical Adult Range: 3.5-5.0
    Optimal Adult Range: 4.0-4.6
    Red Flag Range <3.0 or >6.0 mmol/L

    7MAGNESIUM
    Magnesium: This important element is found in the arteries, heart, bone,
    muscles, nerves, teeth.
    Clinical Adult Range: 1.7-2.4
    Optimal Adult Range: 2.2-2.6
    Red Flag Range <1.2 mg/dL
    Clinical Note: Magnesium should be evaluated on all patients suffering with
    heart disease.
    Clinical Note: Patient suffering with fibromyalgia may have a low serum
    magnesium accompanied with a low C02 and an increased anion gap
    Nutrition Tip: Excessive use of antacids containing magnesium may increase
    magnesium levels
    Clinical Note: If your magnesium is less than 2.0, it is strongly recommended to
    have an erythrocyte magnesium test or a magnesium loading test
    CHLORIDE
    Chloride: Is an electrolyte controlled by the kidneys and can sometimes be
    affected by diet. An electrolyte is involved in maintaining acid-base balance and
    helps to regulate blood volume and artery pressure. Elevated levels are related
    to acidosis as well as too much water crossing the cell membrane.
    Clinical Adult Range: 96-110 mmol/L
    Optimal Adult Range: 100-106 mmol/L
    Red Flag Range <90 or >115 mmol/L
    8Clinical Note: Suspect hypochlorhydria if chloride is below 100, the total globulin
    is less than 2.4 and serum phosphorus is less than 3.0
    Clinical Note: Chloride is required for the production of HCL by the chief cells of
    the stomach
    BLOOD UREA NITROGEN
    BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen): BUN is a waste product derived from protein
    breakdown in the liver. Increases can be caused by excessive protein intake,
    kidney damage, certain drugs, low fluid intake, intestinal bleeding, exercise, heart
    failure or decreased digestive enzyme production by the pancreas. Decreased
    levels are most commonly due to inadequate protein intake, malabsorption, or
    liver damage.
    Clinical Adult Range: 10-26 mg/dL
    Optimal Adult Range: 13-18 mg/dL
    Red Flag Range <5 or >50 mg/dL
    Clinical Note: Decreased BUN less than 8 with a decreased urinary specific
    gravity may indicate posterior pituitary dysfunction
    Clinical Note: Increased BUN above 25 usually indicates kidney disease.
    However, if Creatinine is not above 1.1, then kidney disease may not be the
    problem. Instead consider anterior pituitary dysfunction, dehydration or
    hypochlorhydria.
    Nutrition Tip: Increased BUN may indicate a Boron deficiency
    9CREATININE
    Creatinine: Creatinine is also a protein breakdown product. Its level is a
    reflection of the bodies muscle mass. Low levels are commonly seen in
    inadequate protein intake, liver disease, kidney damage or pregnancy. Elevated
    levels are generally reflective of kidney damage and need to be monitored very
    carefully.
    Clinical Adult Range: 0.7-1.5 mg/dL
    Optimal Adult Range: 0.7-1.0 mg/dL
    Red Flag Range >1.6 mg/dL
    Clinical Note: Suspect early nephritis ( kidney disease) if creatinine is between
    2-4 mg/dL. Suspect severe nephritis is creatinine is between 4-35 mg/dL
    Common Causes of Creatinine Decrease: Amyotonia congenita
    BUN/CREATININE RATIO
    BUN/Creatinine Ratio: increased values may indicate catabolic states,
    dehydration, circulatory failure leading to fall in renal blood flow, congestive heart
    failure, acute and chronic renal (kidney) failure, urinary tract obstruction, prostatic
    enlargement, high protein diet. Decreased values may indicate overhydration,
    low protein/high carbohydrate diet, pregnancy
    Clinical Adult Range: 6-10
    Optimal Adult Range: 10-16
    Red Flag Range <5 or >30

    10URIC ACID
    Uric Acid: Uric acid is the end product purine metabolism. High levels are seen
    in gout, infections, high protein diets, and kidney disease. Low levels generally
    indicate protein and molybdenum (trace mineral) deficiency, liver damage or an
    overly acid kidney.
    Clinical Female Range: 2.4-6.0 mg/dL
    Clinical Male Range: 3.4-7.0 mg/dL
    Optimal Female Range: 3.0-5.5 mg/dL
    Optimal Male Adult Range: 3.5-5.9 mg/dL
    Red Flag Range <2 mg/dL or >9.0 mg/dL
    PHOSPHORUS
    Phosphorus: Phosphorus is closely associated with calcium in bone
    development. Therefore most of the phosphate in the body is found in the bones.
    But the phosphorus level in the blood is very important for muscle and nerve
    function. Very low levels of phosphorus in the blood can be associated with
    starvation or malnutrition and this can lead to muscle weakness. High levels in
    the blood are usually associated with kidney disease. However the blood must be
    drawn carefully as improper handling may falsely increase the reading.
    Clinical Adult Range: 2.5-4.5
    Optimal Adult Range: 3.2-3.9
    Red Flag Range <2.0 mg/dL or >5.0 mg/dL
    11Less Common Causes of Phosphorus Decrease: Diabetes, liver dysfunction,
    protein malnutrition, neurofibromatosis, myxedema
    Nutrition Tip: Phosphorus is frequently decreased with diets high in refined
    sugars
    Clinical Note: Suspect Vitamin D deficiency with low levels of calcium,
    phosphorus and increased levels of alkaline phosphorus
    Clinical Note: Phosphorus is a general indicator of digestive function. Consider
    hypochlorhydria when phosphorus is below 3.0 and total serum globulin is
    greater than 3.0 or less than 2.4
    CALCIUM
    Calcium: Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. It is involved in
    bone metabolism, protein absorption, fat transfer, muscular contraction,
    transmission of nerve impulses, blood clotting, and heart function. It is highly
    sensitive to elements such as magnesium, iron, and phosphorous as well as
    hormonal activity, vitamin D levels, CO2 levels and many drugs. Diet, or even the
    presence of calcium in the diet has a lot to do with "calcium balance" - how much
    calcium you take in and how much you lose from your body.
    Clinical Adult Range: 8.5-10.8
    Optimal Adult Range: 9.7-10.1
    Red Flag Range <7.0 mg/dL or >12.0 mg/dL
    Clinical Note: Serum protein influences calcium levels. Calcium goes up with
    increased protein and goes down with decreased protein
    Clinical Fact: Poor intestinal fat absorption may be suspected with low levels of
    calcium, bilirubin and phosphorus
    Nutrition Note: Pancreatic enzyme deficiency may be suspected with low levels
    of calcium, triglycerides and increased levels of LDH
    12Clinical Note: Circadin rhythm abnormality should be a primary consideration
    with calcium levels either above or below normal
    ALBUMIN
    Albumin: The most abundant protein in the blood, it is made in the liver and is
    an antioxidant that protects your tissues from free radicals. It binds waste
    products, toxins and dangerous drugs that might damage the body. Is also is a
    major buffer in the body and plays a role in controlling the precise amount of
    water in our tissues. It serves to transport vitamins, minerals and hormones.
    Lower levels are seen in poor diets, diarrhea, fever, infections, liver disease,
    kidney disease, third-degree burns, edemas or hypocalcemia.
    Clinical Adult Range: 3.0-5.5
    Optimal Adult Range: 4.0-4.4
    Red Flag Range <4.0 g/dL
    Clinical Note: Albumin 3.5 or below with a 1500 or less lymphocyte count is one
    of the four OMINOUS signs
    Nutrition Tip: Decreased albumin with decreased serum phosphorus may
    indicate digestive inflammation
    Calcium/Albumin Ratio: elevated in malnutrition or visceral protein loss.
    Levels higher than 2.7 is one of the four OMINOUS signs
    GLOBULIN
    Globulin: Globulins have many diverse functions such as, the carrier of some
    hormones, lipids, metals, and antibodies. High levels are found in chronic
    infections, liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis, myelomas and lupus. Lower levels
    may be seen in immune compromised patients, poor dietary habits,
    malabsorption, liver and kidney disease.
    Clinical Adult Range: 2.0-4.0
    Optimal Adult Range: 2.8-3.5
    Red Flag Range <2.0 g/dL or >3.5 g/100ml
    A/G RATIO
    A/G Ratio: is an important indicator of disease states. Low ratio suggests
    ulcerative colitis, burns, kidney disease, cirrhosis, multiple myeloma.
    A/G ratio less than 1.0 is one of the four OMINOUS signs
    Clinical Adult Range: 1.1-2.5
    Optimal Adult Range:1.2-1.5
    Red Flag Range <1.0
    Nutrition Note: Elevated A/G ratio, elevated protein and an elevated cholesterol
    may indicate too high protein consumption
    ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
    Alkaline Phosphatase: Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme that is found in all
    body tissue, but the most important sites are bone, liver, bile ducts and the gut. A
    high level of alkaline phosphatase in your blood may indicate bone, liver or bile
    duct disease. Certain drugs may also cause high levels. Growing children,
    because of bone growth, normally have a higher level than adults do. Low levels
    indicate low functioning adrenal glands, protein deficiency, malnutrition or more
    commonly, a deficiency in zinc.
    Clinical Adult Range: 30-115
    Optimal Adult Range: 60-80
    Red Flag Range <30U/L or >Laboratory range
    Clinical Note: Any patient having a significant increase in Alkaline Phosphatase
    should have a ALP isoenzyme
    Clinical Note: It is considered ““NORMAL”” for Alkaline Phosphatase to be
    elevated in children under 18 and people with bone fractures.
    SGPT/ALT & SGOT/AST
    Transaminases (SGTP/ALT) & (SGOT/AST): These are enzymes that are
    primarily found in the liver. Drinking too much alcohol, certain drugs, liver disease
    and bile duct disease can cause high levels in the blood. Hepatitis is another
    problem that can raise these levels. Low levels of GGT may indicate a
    magnesium deficiency. Low levels of SGPT and SGOT may indicate deficiency
    of vitamin B6.
    Clinical Adult Range: 0-41
    Optimal Adult Range: 18-26
    Red Flag Range >100 U/L
    SGOT/AST is found in the heart, skeletal muscles, brain, liver and kidneys
    Clinical Note: In acute congestive heart failure and/or myocardial infarction, the
    SGOT/AST will significant increase. However, these values will slowly return to
    normal. SGPT/ALT will also increase in these cardiac heart emergencies,
    however, SGOT/AST normally will not return to normal as quick as SGPT
    SGPT/ALT is found in the liver, kidneys, heart and skeletal muscles.
    Common Causes of SGPT/ALT Increase: Acute hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver,
    mononucleosis
    Less Common Causes of SGPT/ALT Increase: Pancreatitis, biliary
    dysfunction, diabetes
    15Clinical Note: SGPT values are greater than SGOT in liver obstruction, toxic
    hepatitis. SGOT values are greater than SGPT in cirrhosis of the liver, liver
    neoplasms and jaundice
    GGT
    Gamma-Glutamyl transerase (GGT): Believed to be involved in the transport of
    amino acids into cells as well as glutathione metabolism. Found in the liver and
    will rise with alcohol use, liver disease, or excess magnesium.
    Clinical Adult Range: 0-55U/L
    Optimal Adult Range: 10-30U/L
    Red Flag Range >90U/L
    Common Causes of GGT Increase: Biliary obstruction, alcoholism,
    cholangitis/cholecystitis (bile duct and gall bladder inflammation)
    Clinical Note: If GGT is greater than 150 U/L with a serum bilirubin of over 2.8
    mg/dL, strongly suspect biliary obstruction. Seek immediate medical attention
    Clinical Note: If GGT values are five times higher than the clinical range suspect
    pancreatitis
    Less Common Causes of GGT Increase: Brucellosis, hepatitis, mononucleosis,
    bacterial and viral infection, malignancy, congestive heart failure biliary.
    Nutrition Note: Low levels of GGT may indicate a B-6 deficiency.
    Additional Clinical Notes: Food allergy/sensitivity is a very common finding with
    biliary dysfunction
    LDH
    Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH): LDH is an enzyme found in all tissues in the
    body. A high level in the blood can result from a number of different diseases
    such as hepatitis, anemia etc. Also, slightly elevated levels in the blood are
    common and usually do not indicate disease. The most common sources of LDH
    are the heart, liver, muscles, and red blood cells.
    Clinical Adult Range: 60-225U/L
    Optimal Adult Range: 140-200U/L
    Red Flag Range >250U/L
    Common Causes of LDH Increase: Liver/biliary dysfunction, pulmonary
    embolism, myocardial infarction, tissue inflammation, tissue destruction,
    malignancy anywhere in the body, several types of anemias
    Clinical Note: LDH will frequently increase with low thyroid function
    Clinical Note: LDH is frequently increased with birth control usage
    16Nutrition Note: Decrease LDH may indicate reactive hypoglycemia. (Check
    glucose)
    TOTAL PROTEIN
    Total Protein: This is a measure of the total amount of protein in your blood.
    Total protein is the combination of albumin and total globulin and is affected by
    the albumin and total globulin. A low or high total protein does not indicate a
    specific disease, but it does indicate that some additional tests may be required
    to determine if there is a problem.
    Clinical Adult Range: 6.0-8.5g/dL
    Optimal Adult Range: 7.1-7.6g/dL
    Red Flag Range <5.9g/dL or > 8.5g/dL
    IRON
    Iron: The body must have iron to make hemoglobin and to help transfer oxygen
    to the muscle. If the body is low in iron, all body cells, particularly muscles in
    adults and brain cells in children, do not function up to par. If this test is low you
    should consider getting a Ferritin test, especially if you are a female who still has
    menstrual cycles.
    Clinical Adult Range: 40-150ug/ml
    Optimal Adult Range: 50-100ug/ml
    Red Flag Range <25ug/ml or >200ug/ml
    Nutrition Note: Increased iron with decreased hemocrit (HCT) suggests intrinsic
    factor deficiency
    Clinical Notes: An iron evaluation is not complete without ordering Ferritin (see
    below)
    FERRITIN
    Ferritin: This test is considered the "gold standard" in documenting iron
    deficiency anemia. Low levels below 25 indicate a need for iron. High levels may
    an inflammatory disorder, infections, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney disease
    Clinical Male Adult Range: 33-236ng/mL
    Clinical Female Adult Range (before menopause): 11-122ng/mL
    Clinical Female Adult Range (after menopause): 12-263ng/mL
    Optimal Male Adult Range: 20-200ng/mL
    Optimal Female Adult Range (before menopause): 10-110ng/mL
    Optimal Female Adult Range(after menopause): 20-200ng/mL
    Red Flag Range <8ng/mL or >500ng/mL
    Clinical Notes: Serum ferritin greater than 1000 suspect hemochromatosis
    Clinical Notes: Iron overload and/or hemochromatosis are silent and can result
    in cirrhosis of the liver, bacterial infections, dementia, arteriosclerosis, diabetes
    and stroke
    Nutrition Note: Doctors specializing in chelation have found a correlation with
    increased iron and arteriosclerosis.
    TRIGLYCERIDES
    Triglycerides: These are fats used as fuel by the body, and as an energy source
    for metabolism. Increased levels are almost always a sign of too much
    carbohydrate intake and hyperlipidism. Decreased levels are seen in
    hyperthyroidism, malnutrition and malabsorption.
    18Clinical Adult Range: 50-150mg/dL
    Optimal Adult Range: 70-110mg/dL
    Red Flag Range <35mg/dL or >350mg/dL
    Clinical Notes: Resistive exercise training has been found to be effective in
    lowering elevated triglycerides
    CHOLESTEROL
    Cholesterol: Group of fats vital to cell membranes, nerve fibers and bile salts,
    and a necessary precursor for the sex hormones. High levels indicate diet high in
    carbohydrates/sugars. Low levels indicate low fat diet, malabsorption, anemia,
    liver disorders, carbohydrate sensitivity. Cholesterol values below 140 are
    considered one of the four OMINOUS signs.
    Clinical Adult Range: 120-200mg/dL
    Optimal Adult Range: 150-180mg/dL
    Red Flag Range <50mg/dL or >400mg/dL
    Nutrition Note: Increased cholesterol levels have been found to be lowered by
    the amino acid methionine
    Clinical Notes: Cholesterol level below 130 is considered an Ominous sign
    Clinical Notes: If cholesterol is above 220 with a SGPT below 10 suspect liver
    congestion/fatty liver
    LDL CHOLESTEROL
    LDL Cholesterol: LDL is the cholesterol rich remnants of the lipid transport
    vehicle VLDL (very-low density lipoproteins) there have been many studies to
    correlate the association between high levels of LDL and arterial arteriosclerosis.
    19Clinical Adult Range: <130mg/dL
    Optimal Adult Range: <120mg/dL
    Red Flag Range >180mg/dL
    Nutrition Note: Increased cholesterol levels have been found to be lowered by
    the amino acid methionine
    HDL
    HDL (High Density Lipoprotein): HDL or High-density lipoprotein is the
    cholesterol carried by the alpha lipoproteins. A high level of HDL is an indication
    of a healthy metabolic system if there is no sign of liver disease or intoxication.
    the two mechanisms that explain how HDL offers protection against chronic heart
    disease are that HDL inhibits cellular uptake of LDL and serves as a carrier that
    removes cholesterol from the peripheral tissues and transports it back to the liver
    for catabolism.
    Clinical Adult Males Range: >50mg/dL
    Clinical Adult Female Range: >55mg/dL
    Optimal Adult Male Range: >55mg/dL
    Optimal Adult Male Range: >60mg/dL
    Red Flag Range <35mg/dL
    Nutrition Note: Diets high in refined carbohydrates, lack of exercise and genetic
    predisposition have been found to lower HDL
    Clinical Notes: If HDL is decreased, triglycerides are greater than 50% of the
    cholesterol value, LDL is increased and uric acid is increased rule out
    arteriosclerosis
    CHOLESTEROL/HDL RATIO
    Cholesterol/HDL ratio: this ratio is an important marker for cardiovascular
    health. A ratio <4.0 is considered adequate. A ratio <3.1 is ideal.
    CO2
    CO2: The CO2 level is related to the respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide in
    the lungs and is part of the bodies buffering system. Generally, when used with
    the other electrolytes, carbon dioxide levels indicate pH or acid/alkaline balance
    20in the tissues. This is one of the most important tests that we measure. Most
    people have too much acid in their body. If you garden you will know that it is
    very difficult to grow plants in soil where the pH is incorrect. Our blood is similar
    to soil in many respects and it will be difficult to be healthy if our body's pH is not
    well balanced.
    Clinical Adult Range: 24-32mmol/L
    Optimal Adult Range: 26-30mmol/L
    Red Flag Range <18mmol/L or >38mmol/L
    Nutrition Note: Low levels of CO2 may indicate a need for thiamine (a B-
    vitamin)
    Clinical Notes: If CO2 is above 32mmol/L, a Pulmonary Function Test should is
    warranted
    WHITE BLOOD CELLS
    White Blood Cell (WBC): White blood count measures the total number of white
    blood cells in a given volume of blood. Since WBCs kill bacteria, this count is a
    measure of the body's response to infection.
    Clinical Adult Range: 4,500-11,000cu.mm
    Optimal Adult Range: 5,000-8,000cu.mm
    Red Flag Range <3,000cu.mm or >13,000cu.mm
    Nutrition Note: Decreased WBC may indicate a need for Vitamin B-12, B-6 and
    folic acid.
    21Clinical Notes: An increase or decrease in total WBC in conjunction with a
    lymphocyte count below 20 and serum albumin below 4.0 is a pattern frequently
    seen in a developing neoplasm (tumor)
    NEUTROPHILS
    Neutrophils: elevated in acute infection
    Clinical Adult Range: 35-65 percent of total WBC
    Optimal Adult Range: 40-60 percent of total WBC
    Red Flag Range <30 percent of total WBC or >80 percent of total WBC

    MONOCYTES
    Monocytes: elevated in bacterial infections, protozoal infections
    Clinical Adult Range: 0-10 percent of total WBC
    Optimal Adult Range: <7 percent of total WBC
    Red Flag Range >15 percent of total WBC
    Clinical Notes: Increased monocytes are frequently present with prostate
    hypertrophy, ovarian and uterine dysfunction
    Clinical Notes: An increase in monocytes with an increase in the basophils
    (>1.0) and a mild increase of eosinophils (>3.0) may indicate intestinal parasites
    LYMPHOCYTES
    Lymphocytes: elevated in acute and chronic infections. Decreased in viral
    infection and immune deficiency
    Clinical Adult Range: 20-40 percent of total WBC
    Optimal Adult Range: 25-40 percent of total WBC
    Red Flag Range <20 percent of total WBC or >55 percent of total WBC
    Clinical Notes: Suspect a viral infections when the lymphocytes increase to a
    point that either equal or exceeds the neutrophil level
    EOSINOPHILS
    Eosinophils: Elevated in allergic conditions, skin diseases, parasitic diseases
    Clinical Adult Range: 0-7 percent of total WBC
    Optimal Adult Range: 0-3 percent of total WBC
    Red Flag Range <20 percent of total WBC or >55 percent of total WBC
    Common Causes of Eosinophils Increase: Allergic condition (asthma), food
    sensitivities, parasitic infection
    Less Common Causes of Eosinophils Increase: Chemical/heavy metal
    toxicity, Hodgkin’’s dis ease, ovarian and bone tumors
    BASOPHILS
    Basophils: Elevated in Infections
    Clinical Adult Range: 0-2 percent of total WBC
    Optimal Adult Range: 0-1 percent of total WBC
    Red Flag Range <5 percent of total WBC
    Clinical Notes: Consider ordering a comprehensive stool and digestive test to
    rule out intestinal parasites if the basophils are increased with no sign of
    inflammation


    23RED BLOOD CELLS
    RBC (Red Blood Cells): made in the spleen. Reveals the oxygen carrying ability
    of the blood.
    Clinical Adult Male Range: 4.60-6.0 million cu/mm
    Clinical Adult Female Range: 3.90-5.50 million cu/mm
    Optimal Adult Male Range: 4.20-4.90 million cu/mm
    Optimal Adult Female Range: 3.90-4.50 million cu/mm
    Red Flag Range for Men <3.90 or >6.00 million cu/mm
    Red Flag Range for Women <3.50 or >5.00 million cu/mm
    Nutrition Tip: Low levels of RBC may indicate a need for B-12, B-6 and folic
    acid
    Clinical Notes: Consider checking iron and ferritin levels with low levels of RBC
    HEMOGLOBIN
    Hemoglobin: Hemoglobin provides the main transport of oxygen and carbon in
    the blood. It is composed of "globin", a group of amino acids that form a protein
    and "heme", which contains iron. It is an important determinant of anemia
    (decreased hemoglobin) or poor diet/nutrition or malabsorption.
    Clinical Adult Male Range: 13.5-18.0g/dL
    Clinical Adult Female Range: 12.5-16.0g/dL
    Optimal Adult Male Range: 14.0-15.0g/dL
    Optimal Adult Female Range: 13.5-14.5g/dL
    Red Flag Range <10.0 or >17g/dL
    Nutrition Tip: Low levels of Hemoglobin may indicate a need for B-12, folic acid
    and thiamine Clinical Notes: Consider checking iron and ferritin levels with low levels of
    Hemoglobin
    HEMATOCRIT
    Hematocrit: Hematocrit is the measurement of the percentage of red blood cells
    in whole blood. It is an important determinant of anemia (decreased), dehydration
    (elevated) or possible overhydration (decreased).
    Clinical Adult Male Range: 40.0-52.0 percent
    Clinical Adult Female Range: 36.0-47.0 percent
    Optimal Adult Male Range: 40.0-48.0 percent
    Optimal Adult Female Range: 37.0-44.0 percent
    Red Flag Range <32.0 or >55 percent
    Clinical Notes:
    ƒSuspect Iron anemia if serum iron, hemoglobin and hemocrit are all low
    ƒSuspect B-6 anemia if MCT, hemocrit and iron are low (also look for a low
    SGOT)
    ƒSuspect B12/folic acid anemia if you have a low hemocrit with a high
    MCH, MCV and iron
    Clinical Notes: Consider getting a ferritin test
    PLATELETS
    Platelets: Platelets are concerned with the clotting of the blood.
    Clinical Adult Range: 150,000-450,000cu.mm
    Optimal Adult Range: 200,000-300,000cu.mm
    Red Flag Range <50,000 or >600,000cu.mm
    Nutrition Tip: Low levels of Platelets may indicate a B12, folic, selenium and
    iron deficiency
    Clinical Notes: The following drugs have been found to lower Platelets:
    quinidine, heparin, gold salts, sulfas, digitoxin
    25RETICULOCYTE COUNT
    Reticulocyte Count This is an excellent test to confirm chronic microscopic
    bleeding
    Clinical Adult Range: 0.5-1.5%
    Optimal Adult Range: same as clinical range
    Red Flag Range >2.0%
    MCV
    Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) The MCV indicates the volume occupied by
    the average red blood cell
    Clinical Adult Range: 81.0-99.0cu.microns
    Optimal Adult Range: 82.0-89.9cu.microns
    Red Flag Range <78.0 or >95.0cu.microns

    Clinical Notes: If the MCV is >89.9 and the MCH is >31.9, suspect Vitamin B-12
    or folic anemia. This should be confirmed with a serum or urinary methylmalonic
    (vitamin B-12) and a serum or urinary homocysteine (folic acid and vitamin B-6)
    Clinical Notes: If iron, ferritin are normal and MCV, MCH, Hemoglobin and
    Hematocrit are all decreased, suspect a toxic metal body burden
    MCH
    Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) The MCV indicates the volume
    occupied by the average red blood cell
    Clinical Adult Range: 26.0-33.0micro-micro grams
    Optimal Adult Range: 27.0-31.9micro-micro grams
    Red Flag Range <24.0 or >34.0micro-micro grams
    26Clinical Notes: If the MCV is >89.9 and the MCH is >31.9, suspect Vitamin B-12
    or folic anemia. This should be confirmed with a serum or urinary methylmalonic
    (vitamin B-12) and a serum or urinary homocysteine (folic acid and vitamin B-6)
    Clinical Notes: If iron, ferritin are normal and MCV, MCH, Hemoglobin and
    Hematocrit are all decreased, suspect a toxic metal body burden
    T3
    T3 (Tri-Iodothyronine): T-3 is a thyroid hormone produced mainly from the
    peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T-4)
    Clinical Adult Range: 22-33%
    Optimal Adult Range: 26-30%
    Common Causes of T3 Increase: Hyperthyroidism
    Common Causes of T3 Decrease: Hypothyroidism
    T4
    T-4 (Tetra-Iodothyronine): T-4 is the major hormone secreted by the thyroid
    gland.
    Clinical Adult Range: 4.0-12.0mcg/dL
    Optimal Adult Range: 7.0-8.5mcg/dL
    T7
    T7 (FTI-Free Thyroxine Index) FTI is an estimate, calculated from T-4 and T-3
    uptake.
    Clinical Adult Range: 4.0-12.0mcg/dL
    Optimal Adult Range: 7.0-8.5mcg/dL
    T-3 UPTAKE
    T-3 Uptake T-3 uptake measures the unsaturated binding sites on the thyroid
    bindng proteins
    27Clinical Adult Range: 22-36%
    Optimal Adult Range: 27-37%
    Red Flag Range <20 percent of uptake or >39 percent of uptake
    TSH
    TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone): is used to confirm or rule out suspected
    hypothyroidism when T3, T4, T7 are essentially normal and clinical signs suggest
    hypothyroidism
    Clinical Adult Range: 0.4-4.4mlU/L
    Optimal Adult Range: 2.0-4.0mlU/L
    Red Flag Range <0.3mlU/L or >10.0mlU/L
    Clinical Notes: The axillary temperature (underarm) will frequently be <97.8 with
    thyroid hypo-function. The axillary temperature should be taken for 10 minutes
    before leaving bed and ideally should be taken for five days in a row and
    averaged. Reduced axillary temperature is common with adrenal stress, thiamine
    deficiency, diets low in essential fatty acids and protein malnutrition
    Clinical Notes: Difficulty losing weight, fatigue, lack of motivation, sensitivity to
    cold, dry or scaly skin, ringing in ears, low blood pressure, impaired hearing,
    constipation, difficulty working under pressure and headaches that start in the
    morning but improve during the day.
    ESR
    ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate): documents if organic disease is truly
    present in patients with vague symptoms. Monitors the course of chronic
    inflammatory conditions. Elevated in patients with breakdown of tissue
    Clinical Adult Male <50 Range: 0-15mm/hour
    Clinical Adult Male >50 Range: 0-20mm/hour
    Clinical Adult Male <50 Range: 0-25mm/hour
    Clinical Adult Female >50 Range: 0-30mm/hour
    Optimal Adult Male Range: <5mm/hour
    28Optimal Adult Female Range: <10mm/hour
    Red Flag Range >45 mm/hour

    I invite you to take a free tour of my site. Visit
    http://www.yourmedicaldetective.com/...partment59.cfm

    Take care,

    Dr. Grisanti

  • #2
    Re: Understand your blood test report

    Sri:
    Dasan,
    Whenever you find an article is having more than 30000 words you can save it as a blog
    where you can post countless of words.

    A better Idea is posting a message in the forum also about that blog with a link with a good description to tempt the members
    to read more about it.
    You try it now itself by adding a reply to your above post about the continuation in the blog.
    You can post the entire message again in the blog for the benefit of readers who are looking only the blog.
    regards,
    dasan


    Thanks for choosing this forum for asking your vaideeka, Shastra, Sampradaya doubts,
    please visit frequently and share information anything you think that will be useful for this forum members.
    Encourage your friends to become member of this forum.
    Best Wishes and Best Regards,
    Dr.NVS

    Comment


    • #3
      Re: Understand your blood test report

      Very good information. In some tests, we cannot understand what they wrote. Some doctors having link with the labs, they simply indicate in abbriviations. Though we are not educated to understand that. Once again thanking you very much

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